# Math 3 example statements

If you’re at a Math 3 level, you’ll prob­a­bly be fa­mil­iar with at least some of these sen­tences and for­mu­las, or you would be able to un­der­stand what they meant on a sur­face level if you were to look them up. Note that you don’t nec­es­sar­ily have to un­der­stand the proofs of these state­ments (that’s what we’re here for, to teach you what they mean), but your eyes shouldn’t gloss over them ei­ther.

In a group $$G$$, the con­ju­gacy class of an el­e­ment $$g$$ is the set of el­e­ments that can be writ­ten as $$hgh^{-1}$$ for all $$h \in G$$.

The rank-nul­lity the­o­rem states that for any lin­ear map­ping $$f: V \to W$$, the di­men­sion of the image of $$f$$ plus the di­men­sion of the ker­nel of $$f$$ is equal to the di­men­sion of $$V$$.

A Baire space is a space that satis­fies Baire’s The­o­rem on com­plete met­ric spaces: For a topolog­i­cal space $$X$$, if $${F_1, F_2, F_3, \ldots}$$ is a countable col­lec­tion of open sets that are dense in $$X$$, then $$\bigcap_{n=1}^\infty F_n$$ is also dense in $$X$$.

The rie­mann hy­poth­e­sis as­serts that ev­ery non-triv­ial zero of the rie­mann zeta func­tion $$\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{s^n}$$ when $$s$$ is a com­plex num­ber has a real part equal to $$\frac12$$.

$$\newcommand{\pd}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}$$ The ja­co­bian ma­trix of a vec­tor-val­ued func­tion $$f: \mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$$ is the ma­trix of par­tial deriva­tives $$\left[ \begin{matrix} \pd{y_1}{x_1} & \pd{y_1}{x_2} & \cdots & \pd{y_1}{x_m} \\ \pd{y_2}{x_1} & \pd{y_2}{x_2} & \cdots & \pd{y_2}{x_m} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \pd{y_n}{x_1} & \pd{y_n}{x_2} & \cdots & \pd{y_n}{x_m} \end{matrix} \right]$$ be­tween each com­po­nent of the ar­gu­ment vec­tor $$x = (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m)$$ and each com­po­nent of the re­sult vec­tor $$y = f(x) = (y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n)$$. It is no­tated as $$\displaystyle \frac{d\mathbf{y}}{d\mathbf{x}}$$ or $$\displaystyle \frac{d(y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n)}{d(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m)}$$.

Parents:

• Math 3

Can you read the sort of things that pro­fes­sional math­e­mat­i­ci­ans read, aka LaTeX for­mu­las with a min­i­mum of ex­pla­na­tion?

• Mathematics

Math­e­mat­ics is the study of num­bers and other ideal ob­jects that can be de­scribed by ax­ioms.